Press. voanews.com
Rhetoric on the U.S. presidential campaign trail has left many in the
Asia-Pacific region wondering whether America’s commitment to economic growth
and security in the region will survive into another presidency, regardless of
who wins.
In a campaign marked by caustic, tawdry and highly personal remarks, one
candidate has threatened to withdraw the U.S. nuclear umbrella that protects
countries like South Korea and Japan, while both have opposed a landmark trade
deal seen as the linchpin of the region’s future prosperity.
The campaign “has really undermined the faith and the convictions that
many regional actors have about the viability of American commitments [and] the
stability of our own democracy,” said Jonathan Pollack of the Brookings
Institution’s Center for East Asia Policy Studies.
US must 'tap into' Asia-Pacific
American leaders are necessarily preoccupied by the high-profile
conflicts in the Middle East and the threat to the homeland posed by Islamist
terrorists. But analysts point to looming threats in the Asia-Pacific, a region
that accounts for almost 40 percent of world output, according to the
International Monetary Fund.
North Korea has ramped up nuclear and missile tests in the Korean
Peninsula, tensions have mounted over China’s territorial claims and aggressive
actions in the South China Sea, and the new president of longtime ally the
Philippines has vowed to “break up with America” and turn to China and Russia.
China is rapidly amassing power and influence. U.S. military assets in
the region have been
However, statements by Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump and
Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton have left many in the region
wondering whether that commitment will continue.
Trump, in particular, has alarmed long-time allies by suggesting that he
would no longer guarantee the defense of South Korea and Japan unless those
countries contributed more to the cost. He has also vowed to kill off the
12-nation Trans-Pacific Partnership, a ground-breaking trade treaty designed to
open markets around the Pacific Rim.
There is “fear and loathing” in the Asia Pacific about a potential Trump
presidency, said Robert Manning of the Atlantic Council's Brent Scowcroft
Center on International Security. This feeling, Manning added, comes even
though there is “not enough coherence to Trump’s comments” to be certain what
he might do once in office.
Clinton, Trump both oppose TPP
Clinton would be expected to continue the Obama administration’s
strategic rebalance, but she has been emphatic in her rejection of the TPP,
which is opposed by unions and blue-collar workers whose support she needs.
Without an economic commitment in the region like TPP, U.S. credibility is
lost, experts say.
During an economic address two months ago in Warren, Michigan, Clinton said
of TPP: “I oppose it now. I’ll oppose it after the election, and I’ll oppose it
as president.” She had previously expressed support for the trade partnership.
Pollack, the Brookings Institution analyst, said Clinton has softened
her language in some recent statements, and “seems to be trying to create a bit
more space, a bit more flexibility.”
An adviser on Asian issues who worked with Clinton at the State
Department gave a similarly nuanced description of her position during a
discussion at the Korea Economic Institute in Washington.
"She cannot accept the trade agreement, TPP, as it's currently
being negotiated,” said Kurt Campbell, a former assistant secretary of state
for East Asian and Pacific affairs under Clinton. “At the same time, she also
recognizes that some form of commercial engagement will be necessary going
forward.”
However it is Trump’s comments on regional security that are causing the
greatest anxiety.
During an August rally in Des Moines, Iowa, he expressed frustration
about Japan, one of America’s closest allies. He told supporters Japan cannot
help if the U.S. is attacked because its constitution bars overseas military
action.
“If we’re attacked, Japan doesn’t have to do nothing," Trump said.
"They can stay at home, watching Sony television, right?”
The Pacific nations in fact contribute significantly to regional
defense, particularly against the threat posed by North Korea. Japan pays $1.6
billion a year in host-nation support for U.S. military operations in Japan,
and South Korea pays almost $1 billion for the same reason.
Manning argued that Trump’s approach betrays a lack of understanding “of
the whole post-Cold War, rules-based order that U.S. leadership has been
essential in enforcing.”
But Trump adviser Peter Hoekstra, a former U.S. congressman, says the
candidate recognizes the United States must invest in its role as a global
leader, but “there are responsibilities to American taxpayers and American
workers.”
"It's time to go back and start from ground zero and do a full
assessment of what our strategy needs to be to confront the challenges that are
out there,” Hoekstra said during the discussion at the Korea Economic
Institute. “It doesn't mean to ... challenge the relationships or the
friendships that we have in Asia."
Pollack says the economic, security and diplomatic importance of the
region is too great for any president to ignore. “It’s inconceivable to
me," the Brookings Institution analyst said, "that any American
president will, in fact, try to detach the United States from the region.”
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